The long vowels aa, ii, oo, e and o are encoded by the
capital letters A, I, U, E and O respectively:
| bAt |
ﺑﺎﺕ
|
bIn |
ﺑﹻﻴﻦ
|
_hUn |
ﺧﯘﻥ
|
dEr |
ﺩﻳﺮ
|
The dipthongs ae and ao are encoded as ae and ao:
| thaelA |
ﺗﮭﹷﻴﻼ
|
jaesA |
ﺟﹷﻴﺴﺎ
|
,hae |
ﮨﹷﮯ
|
paoda |
ﭘﹷﻮﺩﺍ
|
kaon |
ﻛﹷﻮﻥ
|
aor |
ﺍﻭﺭ
|
Intervocalic hamza is coded by ' :
| ^cA'E |
ﭼﺎﺋﮯ
|
kO'I |
ﻛﻮﺋﹻﯽ
|
jA'O |
ﺟﺎﺋﻮ
|
Nasalizations are inducated by nun-e-gunnah, coded as .n:
| mae.n |
ﻣﹷﻴﮟ
|
ba.ngAl |
ﺑﹷﻨﮕﺎﻝ
|
Tanwin is coded by aN:
| tqrIbaN |
ﺗﻘﺮﹺﻳﺒﹷﴼ
|
faoraN |
ﻓﹷﻮﺭﹶﴽ
|
Alif maqsura is coded by Y:
| fatwY |
ﻓﹷﺘﻮﱝ
|
murta.dY |
ﻣﹹﺮﺗﹷﻀﲐ
|
A`lY |
ﺁﻋﻠﲐ
|
Idafat is written as -e:
| ^sEr-e panjAb |
ﺷﻴﺮﹺ ﭘﹷﻨﺠﺎﺏ
|
Ab-e .hayAt |
ﺁﺏﹺ ﺣﹷﻴﺎﺕ
|
Waw-e-atf is written as -O:
| gul-O bulbul |
ﮔﹹﻞﻭ ﺑﹹﻠﺒﹹﻞ
|
tar-O tAza,h |
ﺗﹷﺮﻭ ﺗﺎﺯﹶﻩ
|
Suppressing tashdid: In Urdu, if two letters are repeated in a verb,
one doesn't put a tashdid , but writes the two letters one after the
other. Here one can suppress the tashdid by separating the two letters
by a |
| gin|nA |
ﮔﹻﻨﻨﺎ
|
jAn|nA |
ﺟﺎﻧﻨﺎ
|
Examples:
,ham `i^sq kE mArO.n kA itnA ,hI fasAna,h ,hae
rOnE kO na,hI.n kO'I ,ha.nsnE kO zamAna,h ,hae
ﮨﹷﻢ ﻋﹻﺸﻖ ﻛﮯ ﻣﺎﺭﻭﮞ ﰷ ﹺﺍﺗﻨﺎ ﮨﹻﯽ ﻓﹷﺴﺎﻧﹷﻪ ﮨﹷﮯ
ﺭﻭﻧﮯ ﻛﻮ ﻧﹷﮩﹻﻴﮟ ﻛﻮﺋﹻﯽ ﮨﹷﻨﺴﻨﮯ ﻛﻮ ﺯﹶﻣﺎﻧﹷﻪ ﮨﹷﮯ
ya,h kiskA ta.sawwur ,hae ya,h kiskA fasAna,h ,hae
jO a^sk ,hae A.nkhO.n mE.n tasbI.h kA dAnA ,hae
ﻳﹷﻪ ﻛﹻﺴﲀ ﺗﹷﺼﹷﻮﹽﹸﺭ ﮨﹷﮯ ﻳﹷﻪ ﻛﹻﺴﲀ ﻓﹷﺴﺎﻧﹷﻪ ﮨﹷﮯ
ﺟﻮ ﺍﺷﻚ ﮨﹷﮯ ﺁﻧﻜﮭﻮﮞ ﻣﻴﮟ ﺗﹷﺴﺒﹻﻴﺢ ﰷ ﺩﺍﻧﺎ ﮨﹷﮯ